The Writers' Lounge

I haven't published any fiction, but there are a fair number of publications (mostly online) that take short fantasy fiction and pay. Most of them don't pay much, but short fiction in general doesn't pay much. There's also the anthology market.

Off the top of my head, there's

Strange Horizons (http://www.strangehorizons.com)
Expanded Horizons (http://expandedhorizons.net/magazine/)
Crossed Genres (http://crossedgenres.com/)
Fantasy Magazine (http://www.fantasy-magazine.com/)
Abyss & Apex (http://www.abyssapexzine.com/)
Apex Magazine (http://apex-magazine.com/)
Fantastique Unfettered (http://www.fantastique-unfettered.com/)
Lightspeed (science fiction only, http://www.lightspeedmagazine.com/)
Clarkesworld (http://clarkesworldmagazine.com/)

Realms of Fantasy (print, currently not accepting submissions, http://www.rofmag.com/)
Cricket Magazine publishes short fantasy for younger readers if you do that; Cicada publishes short YA fantasy. They pay pretty well and are very competitive.

There are quite a few others! All of them have different tones/genre preferences/focus.

Tor.com publishes short fiction sometimes (http://www.tor.com/page/submissions-guidelines).

I'd suggest picking up a copy of Novel and Short Story Writer's Market (or checking one out of the library--doesn't have to be the current edition). You can also subscribe to it online. The Science Fiction Writers of America (http://www.sfwa.org/) is another good resource. This page in particular has resources you might find helpful, including some market listings. One good way to find paying SFF markets is to check the websites of your favorite SFF authors and note down magazines and anthologies they've been published in. Some anthologies are recurring; others aren't, but the publishers may be good to watch for future submissions calls.